General milestones for children below 5 years old in India:
Infants (0-12 months):
Physical Development:
Lifts head and chest while lying on the stomach (around 2-4 months).
Rolls over from tummy to back and back to tummy (around 4-6 months).
Sits without support (around 6-8 months).
Crawls or scoots on the floor (around 8-10 months).
Stands with support or pulls up to stand (around 9-12 months).
Cognitive Development:
Tracks objects with eyes (around 1-2 months).
Reaches for and grabs objects (around 3-4 months).
Explores objects with mouth (around 4-6 months).
Responds to own name and simple gestures (around 6-9 months).
Social and Emotional Development:
Smiles responsively (around 1-2 months).
Shows interest in faces (around 2-4 months).
Forms a basic attachment to caregivers (around 6-9 months).
Toddlers (1-2 years):
Physical Development:
Walks independently (around 12-15 months).
Climbs stairs with help (around 18-24 months).
Runs and kicks a ball (around 24-30 months).
Cognitive Development:
Recognizes familiar objects and people (around 12-18 months).
Points to body parts when asked (around 18-24 months).
Begins to sort shapes and colors (around 24-30 months).
Social and Emotional Development:
Shows independence and defiance (around 12-18 months).
Engages in parallel play (playing alongside other children, not with them) (around 18-24 months).
Expresses a range of emotions, including frustration and joy.
Preschoolers (3-5 years):
Physical Development:
Hops and stands on one foot (around 3-4 years).
Catches and throws a ball with some precision (around 4-5 years).
Rides a tricycle or bicycle with training wheels (around 4-5 years).
Cognitive Development:
Shows interest in letters and numbers (around 3-4 years).
Names and identifies familiar objects and people.
Engages in imaginative play and storytelling (around 4-5 years).
Social and Emotional Development:
Begins to share and take turns (around 3-4 years).
Develops friendships and plays cooperatively (around 4-5 years).
Expresses empathy and understanding of others' feelings.
When it comes to Language, these are some important things to note:
1. Infants (0-12 months):
Birth to 3 months:
Makes cooing and gurgling sounds.
Responds to familiar voices.
4 to 6 months:
Babbles and repeats consonant-vowel combinations (e.g., "ba-ba-ba").
Laughs and squeals.
7 to 12 months:
Uses gestures like waving and pointing.
Responds to simple verbal requests.
Says simple sounds like "mama" and "dada."
12 to 18 months:
Uses a few simple words and understands more.
Attempts to imitate words.
Points to body parts when named.
18 to 24 months:
Vocabulary expands to about 20-50 words.
Combines two words to form short phrases (e.g., "more juice").
Follows simple one-step commands.
2 to 3 years:
Vocabulary expands significantly, around 200-1,000 words.
Begins to use three-word sentences.
Asks simple questions.
3 to 4 years:
Speech becomes more clear and grammatically correct.
Engages in longer conversations.
Understands and follows more complex instructions.
4 to 5 years:
Vocabulary continues to grow, reaching several thousand words.
Asks "why" and "how" questions.
Uses more complex sentences and begins to tell stories.
Please note these milestones provide a general guideline for child development in various domains. However, every child is unique, and some may reach certain milestones earlier or later than others. If parents have concerns about their child's development, it's advisable to consult with pediatricians or early childhood specialists for individualized guidance and assessments.
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